Being situated at the centre of the country, Nagpur is a very important roadways and railway junction and a transit for almost all the trains that connect the country lengthwise and breadthwise, especially trains connecting India's four major metropolises (Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, and Kolkota) located in the four corners of the country. The main railway station in Nagpur city is the Nagpur Railway Station, while the much smaller Ajni, Itwari, Kalamna, Kamptee, and Khapri are the other railway stations in the city's vicinity.

In addition, Nagpur is a major junction for roadways as India's two major national highways (Kanyakumari-Varanasi (no. 7) and Howra-Dhule (no. 6)) pass through the city. Moreover, Nagpur city has come in the national spotlight recenty for its good roads, which were developed as part of the upgradation and renewal works under Integrated Road Development Project (IRDP), spearheaded by the erstwhile Commissioner of the Corporation Dr. T Chandrashekhar. In another notable development, the Inland Container Depot at Nagpur run by Container Corporation of India (CONCOR) has been the fastest growing inland port in the country in recent years.

The masterplan for the MIHAN complex on the outskirts of Nagpur city. Due to the city's central location, Nagpur's Air Traffic Control (ATR) is the busiest in India, with more than 300 international flights flying over the city every day in 2004. Domestic airlines such as Indian Airlines, Jet Airways, and Air Deccan connect Nagpur with major cities like Mumbai (5 flights daily), Delhi (2 flights daily), Hyderabad (1 flight daily and 1, 4 times a week), and Kolkata (1 flight thrice a week and another twice a week).
In October 2005, Nagpur's erstwhile Sonegaon Airport was declared an international airport and was renamed Dr. Ambedkar International Airport. Initial flights between Nagpur and Sharjah were launched by Air Arabia with the intention of tapping the strong demand for international travel within Central India. In April 2006 Indian Airlines connected Nagpur and Bangkok with a non-stop twice weekly service. Likewise, Qatar Airways has announced that it will start a thrice-weekly service from Nagpur to Doha shortly.

Nagpur is set to be a prominent destination on India's aviation map as the country's first ever Multi-modal International Cargo Hub (MIHAN) was completed on the outskirts of the city in 2006. MIHAN is expected to contribute significantly to the development of the city as well as the economically backward Vidarbha region. Another major impetus to the aviation industry in Nagpur is Boeing's decision to set up a $ 185 million maintenance base in the city in 2006.

Despite its high population and its commercial importance, Nagpur has a poor public transport system. Buses, which are directly operated by the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation, number 173 for the entire rural and urban area (according to the Hitavada, Sept., 2006). Such a small number of buses results in unreliable services. Six-sitter auto-rikshaws, which were becoming popular as a cheap mode of transport, were banned from plying on city roads by a high court order in 2006, leaving only the expensive 3 sitter auto-rikshaws available as a means of public transport. The proposed integrated bus and monorail project that is to be implemented in the next five to six years could potentially improve the situation.